To understand written language, it is important to consider the differences between spoken and written language, and the complexity of the writing task. Below are examples of differences between spoken and written languages.
Spoke Language
- Relies upon listening and memory
- Is less structured
- Relies upon immediate, personal, literal, inferential, and emotional interpretations
- Requires dual monitoring (what is being said and what one planes to say)
- Requires planning what will be said next, perhaps with a goal in mind
- Involves communication with a known audience with immediate feedback
- Provides visual cues to support meaning (such as gestures and expressions)
Written Language
- Provides permanent record
- Is more structured; requires exact word choice, and formal sentence and paragraph instruction
- Provides opportunity for review and evaluation of interpretations
- Requires simultaneous monitoring of numerous abilities
- Requires planning of communication while keeping writing goals in mind
- Provides punctuation marks to express meaning
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